대한전기학회:학술대회논문집 (Proceedings of the KIEE Conference) (Proceedings of the KIEE Conference)
대한전기학회 (The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers)
- 기타
- 대한전기학회 2008년도 정기총회 및 학술대회 전문대학교육위원
- 대한전기학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
- 대한전기학회 2008년도 학술대회 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
- 대한전기학회 2008년도 Techno-Fair 및 추계학술대회 논문집 전기물성,응용부문
- 대한전기학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
- 대한전기학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기설비전문위원
- 대한전기학회 2008년도 제39회 하계학술대회
- 대한전기학회 2008년도 Techno-Fair 및 합동춘계학술대회 논문집 전기물성,응용부문
- 대한전기학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
- 대한전기학회 2008년도 심포지엄 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
- 대한전기학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전기설비전문위원
- 대한전기학회 2007년도 학술대회 논문집 전문대학교육위원
- 대한전기학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
- 대한전기학회 2007년도 Techno-Fair 및 추계학술대회 논문집 전기물성,응용부문
- 대한전기학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기설비전문위원
- 대한전기학회 2007년도 심포지엄 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
- 대한전기학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
- 대한전기학회 2007년도 제38회 하계학술대회
- 대한전기학회 2007년도 심포지엄 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
- 대한전기학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전기설비전문위원
- 대한전기학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
- 대한전기학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
- 대한전기학회 2006년 학술대회 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
- 대한전기학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기물성,응용부문
- 대한전기학회 2006년도 학술대회 논문집 전문대학교육위원
- 대한전기학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
- 대한전기학회 2006년도 제37회 하계학술대회 논문집 전기설비
- 대한전기학회 2006년도 제37회 하계학술대회 논문집 D
- 대한전기학회 2006년도 제37회 하계학술대회 논문집 C
- 대한전기학회 2006년도 제37회 하계학술대회 논문집 B
- 대한전기학회 2006년도 제37회 하계학술대회 논문집 A
- 대한전기학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전기설비전문위원
- 대한전기학회 2006년도 심포지엄 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
- 대한전기학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
- 대한전기학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기설비전문위원
- 대한전기학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
- 대한전기학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기물성,응용부문
- 대한전기학회 2005년도 학술대회 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
- 대한전기학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
- 대한전기학회 2005년도 학술대회 논문집 전문대학교육위원
- 대한전기학회 2005년도 제36회 하계학술대회 논문집 전기설비
- 대한전기학회 2005년도 제36회 하계학술대회 논문집 D
- 대한전기학회 2005년도 제36회 하계학술대회 논문집 C
- 대한전기학회 2005년도 제36회 하계학술대회 논문집 B
- 대한전기학회 2005년도 제36회 하계학술대회 논문집 A
- 대한전기학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전기설비전문위원
- 대한전기학회 2005년도 심포지엄 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
- 대한전기학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
- 대한전기학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기설비전문위원
- 대한전기학회 2004년도 학술대회 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
- 대한전기학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
- 대한전기학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기물성,응용부문
- 대한전기학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
- 대한전기학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
- 대한전기학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
- 대한전기학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
- 대한전기학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
- 대한전기학회 2004년도 학술대회 논문집 전문대학교육위원
- 대한전기학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전기설비전문위원
- 대한전기학회 2004년도 심포지엄 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
- 대한전기학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
- 대한전기학회 2003년도 학술회의 논문집 정보 및 제어부문 B
- 대한전기학회 2003년도 학술회의 논문집 정보 및 제어부문 A
- 대한전기학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
- 대한전기학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기물성,응용부문
- 대한전기학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
- 대한전기학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
- 대한전기학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
- 대한전기학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
- 대한전기학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
- 대한전기학회 2003년도 학술대회 논문집 전문대학교육위원
- 대한전기학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
- 대한전기학회 2002년도 합동 추계학술대회 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
- 대한전기학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
- 대한전기학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
- 대한전기학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기물성,응용부문
- 대한전기학회 2002년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
- 대한전기학회 2002년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
- 대한전기학회 2002년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
- 대한전기학회 2002년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
- 대한전기학회 2002년도 학술대회 논문집 전문대학교육위원
- 대한전기학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
- 대한전기학회 2001년도 합동 추계학술대회 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
- 대한전기학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
- 대한전기학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기물성,응용부문
- 대한전기학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
- 대한전기학회 2001년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
- 대한전기학회 2001년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
- 대한전기학회 2001년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
- 대한전기학회 2001년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
- 대한전기학회 2001년도 학술대회 논문집 전문대학교육위원
- 대한전기학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
- 대한전기학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
- 대한전기학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부 C
- 대한전기학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부 B
- 대한전기학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부 A
- 대한전기학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전문대학교육위원 P
- 대한전기학회 1999년도 하계학술대회 논문집 G
- 대한전기학회 1999년도 하계학술대회 논문집 F
- 대한전기학회 1999년도 하계학술대회 논문집 E
- 대한전기학회 1999년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
- 대한전기학회 1999년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
- 대한전기학회 1999년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
- 대한전기학회 1999년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
- 대한전기학회 1999년도 학술대회 논문집 전문대학교육위원
대한전기학회 2000년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
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In this paper the concept of voltage stability operating limit in optimal power flow problem is described. A methodology of optimal power flow considering voltage stability margin is proposed based on auxiliary constraint to get a secure dispatch solution. The look-ahead margin is used to shift dispatch solutions to the secure direction in proposed framework. The a1gorithm proposed is successfully tested on IEEE 30-bus system.
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This paper deals with optimal power flow, which is optimal problem with equality constraints and inequality constraints. An a1gorithm of changing inequality constraints problem to equality constraints problem is applied to real systems.
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The electric utility industry around the world is undergoing a revolutionary transition from vertically integrated monopoly structure to a competitive industry. Electric market price changes hourly because suppliers and customers participate in a open market competitively. In this paper a web program developed wi function of OPF calculation. This program is re by a perl language. Also We calculated the marginal cost and the congestion charge shadow price resulted from the OPF.
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This paper suggests the optimal dispatch method by MLF, that gives the appropriate price signal considering power flow and system losses under zonal pricing market. This price signal with MLF effects to dispatch merit order and customer price in the short term, and to connection point of new plant in the long term. In the case study, optimal MLF dispatch method applied to simplified Korean power system. The result shows reduction of loss and northward flow.
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The recent movement to deregulated and competitive electricity market changes the role of Security Constrained Optimal Power Flow (SCOPF) and increases the importance for real-time computation. communication, and on-line data control. As power systems tend to be operated more closely to their ultimate ratings, more rapid updates of telemetered data and faster solutions times are becomimg necessary to better track the changes in systems. This paper presents an on-line SCOPF application exploiting the state-of-art OPF tools and corresponding interfacing technologies. The significance of the proposed mechanism is demonstrated with a case study system.
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This paper presents a game theory application for analyzing power transactions and market design in a deregulated energy marketplace such as PoolCo. The conventional least-cost approaches for the generation resource schedule can not exactly handle recent real-world situations. A systematic tool using game theory for the market participants is presented such that it determines the net profits through the optimal bidding strategies including the strategies for the bidding prices and bidding generations. We treat this power transaction game as incomplete information one, which means each market participants does not know other's cost function. And the demand elasticity of the energy price is considered for the realistic modeling of the deregulated marketplace.
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As a competition is introduced in the electricity supply industry, a congestion problem arises in the transmission network. The congestion causes the transmission cost to increase. One way to decrease the congestion cost is to control the transmission flow through the installation of FACTS(Flexible AC Transmission system). This paper deals with the optimal site of the FACTS for reducing the congestion cost using a shadow price which is one of the economic signals for the systems. Test results show that the site of the FACTS(UPFC) is optimal to minimize the congestion cost by the proposed algorithm.
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The unified flow controller(UPFC) is one of the most effective devices among the FACTS device family. In principle the UPFC is capable of controlling active and reactive power as well as the voltage magnitude can. Comparisons are made between the proposed and the existing UPFC models, which demonstrate the improvement in both flexibility and efficiency.
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This paper introduces a power flow model of SSSC for voltage stability study. The SSSC model is obtained from the injection model of voltage source inverter by adding the condition that SSSC injection voltage is in quadrature with current of SSSC-installed branch. This model is incorporated into modified CPF algorithm to study effects of SSSC on the security-constrained interface flow limit. Determination of interface flow limit is simply briefed. In case study a 771-bus real system is used to show that SSSC can improve interface flow limit in terms of voltage stability.
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This paper discusses the operational characteristic analysis of distance relay depending on the power system parameters in transmission line including FACTS devices. Distance relay requires protective coordination because the FACTS devices change power system parameters to increase power transmission capacity. In this paper, the dynamic operational characteristics of distance relay are analyed for the effect of fault resistance and operation mode of FACTS devices according to the installed points of these devices.
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This paper proposes the design of SVC adaptive fuzzy logic controller(AFLC) using Tabu search and neural network. We tuned the gain of input-output variables of fuzzy logic controller and weights of neural network using Tabu search. Neural network used to tune the output gain of FLC adaptively. We have weights of neural network learned using back propagation algorithm. We performed the nonlinear simulation on an single-machine infinite system to prove the efficiency of the proposed method. The proposed AFLC showed the better performance than PD controller in terms of the settling time and damping effect, for power system operation condition.
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This paper describes the application of Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) to Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) which can have significant impact on Power system dynamics. The function of the FLC is to control the firing angle of the TCSC. We tuned the scaling factors of the FLC using Tabu Search. The proposed FLC is used for damping the low frequency oscillations caused by disturbances such as the sudden changes of small of large loads or the outages in the generators or transmission lines. To evaluate usefulness of the proposed FLC. we performed the computer simulation for single-machine infinite system. The response of FLC is compared with that of PD controller optimized using Tabu Search. Simulation results that the FLC shows the better control performance than PD controller.
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동일한 변압기에서 인출된 서로 다른 선로 중 한 곳에서 지락이나 단락등의 사고가 발생하면, 고장선로 뿐 아니라 주변선로에도 사고가 제거되기 전까지 전압강하 현상이 발생하게 된다. 근래에 들어서 이러한 현상에 의한 피해사례가 많이 보고되고 있으며, 전력공급자나 수용가에서도 이 문제에 대해 높은 관심을 보이고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제에 대한 대책으로 직렬변압기를 통하여 전압을 주입함으로서 부하에 항상 안정적인 전압을 공급할 수 있는 순간전압 보상장치에 대하여 연구하였다. 본 논문에서는 입력 전압의 peak값을 검출하여 직렬 주입될 전압의 크기와 위상을 구하는 방식을 사용하였고, 20kW급 prototype을 제작하여 실험을 수행하였다.
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Traditionally, load flows have been calculated using the Gauss-Seidel and Newton-Raphson Method. DistFlow Method which is proposed by Wu and Baran is superior to the other two methods because it does not require the admittance matrix calculation to optimize the distribution system. This paper introduces a new alternative algorithm to the DistFlow Method which is slow and complex to find solutions as the number of lateral and sublateral increases. The proposed load flow method can construct System Jacobian easily. We can minimize the off-diagonal elements of the branch Jacobian and submatrices in the System Jacobian. Simulation results show that progressive performances of the proposed algorithm.
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Continuation power flow has been developed to remove the ill-condition problem caused by singularity of power flow Jacobian at and near steady-state voltage instability point in conventional power flow. When solving large-scale power transmission systems, an alternative strategy for improving computational efficiency and reducing computer storage requirements is the decoupled power flow method, which makes use of an approximate version of the Newton-Raphson procedure. This paper presents a technique to improve the speed of continuation power flow system using decoupled power flow method.
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ln this paper, a method by which penalty factors of all generators including slack bus can be directly derived is presented. With a simple re-assignment of angle reference bus to a bus where no generation exists, penalty factors for slack bus is obtained without any physical assumption. While previous Jacobian-based techniques for generator penalty factor calculation have been derived with basis upon reference bus, proposed method are not dependent on reference bus and calculated penalty factors can be substituted directly into the general ELD equation to compute the economic dispatch. Equations for system loss sensitivity, penalty factors and optimal generation allocation are solved simultaneously in normal power flow computation.
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Almost traditional ELD(Economic Load Dispatch) is hard to apply to power system directly and also OPF(Optimal Power Flow) is not easy to solve the problem. This paper deals with the practical application of ELD with considering power equation.
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대규모의 전력을 사용하며 전력 수요가 일정하지 않고 변동하는 제철소의 전기아크로 (electric arc furnace) 부하는 전압 플릭커 (voltage flicker) 등 전력품질을 저하시키는 현상의 주 원인이 되고 있다. 따라서, 전력품질의 향상을 위한 전력계통의 계획과 운용에 있어서 이러한 부하들의 비선형적인 전압-전류 특성을 해석하고 모델링하는 것이 우선 되어야 한다. 특히 전기아크로 부하의 비선형적이고 랜덤 신호에 가까운 특성은 stochastic 접근법에 의해 주로 모델링되어 왔으나, 전기아크로 부하에 의한 전력계통에서의 영향을 평가를 위해서는 deterministic 접근법에 의한 모델링이 필요하며 전기아크로 부하가 가지는 chaos 특성을 Lorenz 시스템으로 표현한 부하모델이 개발되었다[1]. 개발된 모델에 의해 하나의 chaos 시스템으로 예측된 전기아크로 부하 패턴은 전 동작 범위에서 부하 특성을 정확하게 반영하는데 문제가 있다. 따라서, 전기아크로 부하 패턴을 표현할 수 있는 복수의 chaos 시스템을 이용하여 보다 나은 예측 특성을 가진 부하 모델의 개발이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 Lorenz 시스템과 전기아크로 부하의 고주파영역 특성을 보다 적절하게 반영할 수 있는 Logistic 시스템을 혼합한 형태의 chaos 모델을 개발하고, 전력 계통에서의 전력품질 저하현상을 정량화하는 지수를 통해 모델의 유용성과 정확성을 검증하고자 한다.
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This paper presents the modeling methods to analyze the static and dynamic performances for practical power system loads using field measurement data. Also, it is included that the several modeling techniques using EMTDC program and field measuring method for real static dynamic loads. As a result of this study, through the comparisons between simulation results and measurement data, typical parameters of static and dynamic loads according to the variation of system voltage and frequency are given.
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This paper presents the load shedding case studies and recommendations of load shedding scheme For improving the reliability to suit the requirements of LG-Caltex refinery plant power sγstem. It is recommended for LG-Caltex to decrease the total generation for the economic dispatch. When the LG-Caltex refinery is isolated from KEPCO utility system, the proper load shedding scheme should be implemented since total generation in LG-Caltex refinery plant is less than the load demand. According to the studies carried out the logic-based load shedding is recommended as the main protection scheme, with the combination of the under-frequency relay load shedding.
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The Eigen analysis in large power system provides much useful information that is not got in nose curve. The branch participation factor is not quantitative information and is an indirect method calculating incremental change in branch reactive loss. But the Eigen sensitivity analysis to each mode is direct and provides of quantitative information but this method because of needing much time is used in large power system. In this paper the Hessenberg method is used to obtaining dominant eignvalues and corresponding eigenvectors of Jacobian matrix. Ranking the critical contingencies is done by computing the Eigen sensitivity of each dominant eignvalues for changes of each line. The proposed algorithm is tested on the New England 30-bus system and KEPCO system in the year of 2000, which comprises of 791-bus and 2500-branches.
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Transient Stability of a power systems is its ability to maintain synchronous operation of machine when subjected to a large disturbance. This paper presents a new methodology for speed-up transient stability evaluation in SIME. SIME is a hybrid direct method including time simulation to enhance flexibility. It is difficult to apply the classical SIME to stable cases. To solve this problem, we propose the improved SIME, applicable to stable cases as well as unstable cases. For more fast screening, a reduced order equivalent generator is used in the first step process
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This paper presents the linear model of the measurement system with Phasor Measurement Units (PMU's) and the parallel processing technique to determinate state vectors of a power system. The conventional model of the PMU measurement system is in a dilemma that it is not applicable to optimal PMU placements and it needs more PMU to apply this model. In order to improve this defect, in this paper, the extended linear model which adaptable to optimal PMU placements considering the feature of zero injection bus is proposed. Because the proposed model is expressed as over-determined measurement equation, the efficient algorithm is needed. This paper proposed the partitioning scheme and the process algorithm for parallel determinating state vectors of a power system efficiently. The performance of the proposed linear model and the parallel processing algorithm is evaluated with IEEE sample systems.
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This paper proposes the optimal placement with minimum set of Phasor Measurement Units (PMU's) using tabu search and makes an alternative plan to secure the robustness of the network with PMU's. The optimal PMU Placement (OPP) problem is generally expressed as a combinatorial optimization problem subjected to the observability constraints. Thus, it is necessary to make a use of an efficient method in solving the OPP problem. In this paper, a tabu search based approach to solve efficiently this OPP problem proposed. The observability of the network with PMU's is fragile at any single PMU contingency. To overcome the fragility, an alternative scheme that makes efficient use of the existing measurement system in power system state estimation proposed. The performance of the proposed approach and the alternative scheme is evaluated with IEEE sample systems.
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Network parameters in power systems are indispensable for all of power system engineering studies, including the power flow calculation and the state estimation. The network parameters required for the studios, in general, are estimated by using several estimation techniques, since it Is very difficult to measure. To improve the estimation accuracy of the network parameters, this paper adopt the synchronized phasor measurements which are acquired from the Phasor Measurement Unit with built-in GPS receiver. In this paper, the parameter estimation problem is formulated with over-determined nonlinear measurement equations and solved with Newton-Raphson method and pseudo-inverse. The effectiveness of the proposed parameter estimation with the synchronized phasor measurements is verified through some case studies with IEEE sample system. The results are very promising.
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In real-time power system control, it is essential to measure the power system variables which are voltage. current, real and reactive power, power factor, system frequency and etc. this variables can be estimated or calculated by the synchronized phasor informations of voltage and current. Therefore, the synchronized phasor measurement of voltage and current is very important to real-time power system control. So, we develop SPMD(Synchronized Phasor Measurement Device) for synchronized phasor measurement of voltage and current. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of SPMD for real-time phasor measurement and prove its performance by the test results.
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This paper presents a new method for representing complex power system phenomena using 3-D computer graphics animation. The proposed method was tested on both the generator dynamics phenomena and subsynchronous resonance phenomena. It is anticipated that the proposed method would be helpful for the operator training as well as power system education.
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KERISIM(KERI Simulator)은 한국전기연구소가 개발한 회전기형 시뮬레이터로서 AC/DC 비동기 연계계통을 포함한 복합계통의 다양한 동태현상에 대한 분석이 가능하다. 본 논문에서는 한국전기연구소의 전력계통 분석용 시뮬레이터에 대한 EMTDC 해석모델을 개발하고 이를 활용하여 상정사고 해석을 수행함으로써 제어기 설계를 위한 성능시험을 할 수 있는 기본 바탕을 마련하였다. 즉, KERISIM을 구성하고 있는 개별 기기들의 설계사양을 기술하였으며, EMTDC 해석모델의 구성요소들을 살펴보았다. 이와 같이 개발된 EMTDC 모델를 활용하여 Rectifier 및 Inverter측 교류모선에서 3상고장 상정사고 해석을 수행하였으며, 그 해석결과를 분석하였다.
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This paper presents topics on transient stability enhancement at a large capacity generation station in Korea. The reinforcement of the transmission lines, generation tripping and reactive compensation are considered as alternative to improve transient stability. Comparative study results show characteristics of each alternative.
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Different optimization algorithms have been proposed to solve real and reactive power optimization problems. Most of all, linear programming techniques that employed a simplex method have been extensively used. But, the growth in the size of power systems demands faster and more reliable optimization techniques. An Interior Point(IP) mehod is based on an interior point approach to aim the solution trajectory toward the optimal point and is converged to the solution faster than the simplex method. This paper deals with the use of Successive Linear Programming(SLP) for the solution of the Security Constrained Economic Dispatch(SCED) problem. This problem is solved using the IP method. A comparison with simplex method shows that the interior point technique is reliable and faster than the simplex algorithm.
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본 논문은 뉴로-퍼지 모델의 구조학습을 이용하여 한 시간 앞의 전력 수요를 예측하는 체계적인 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 예측시스템은 시간 단위로 뉴로-퍼지 모델을 재학습하기 위해서 필요한 초기 구조를 요일 유형과 시간 별로 미리 생성하고, 이를 초기 구조 뱅크에 저장한다. 예측이 수행되는 시점의 요일 유형에 따라 선택된 초기 구조를 이용하여 뉴로-퍼지 모델을 초기화하고, 학습하고, 예측을 수행한다. 제안된 방법의 실효성을 검증하기 위해 1996년과 1997년의 실제 전력 수요 데이터를 이용하여 모의 실험을 수행한다. 실험결과 제안된 방법은 기존의 다층 퍼셉트론을 이용한 방법과 비교하여 예측의 정확도 측면과 신뢰도 측면에서 모두 향상된 결과를 얻는다.
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This paper deals with the method of solving the problem of editing data in the former file-based power system analγsis program. It gives more convenient and effective to user. Also, a method to use the rowel-system analysis program based in the web interface is presented.
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A new robust digital fuzzy controller design methodology is proposed for load frequency of nonlinear power system with valve position limits of governor in the presence of parametric uncertainties. The Takagi-Sugeno (TS) fuzzy model is adopted for fuzzy modeling of the nonlinear power system. A sufficient condition of robust stability for robust fuzzy control with parametric uncertainties is presented in the sense of Lyapunov. The controller that designed by preposed robust fuzzy controller design method is based compounding condition between continues system and discrete system. The effectiveness of controller that designed by the proposed robust fuzzy controller design method is demonstrated through simulation example.
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This paper presents the modeling and simulation studies, using PSCAD/EMTDC, for the operation of DR(Distributed Resources) connected to the power system. In this study, we model the DR operated in parallel with the distribution system and simulate several operation modes of DR. Finally, the transient characteristics of the operation modes are evaluated with IEEE Standard 519-1992. IEEE Recommended Practice and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electric Power Systems
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The modern power system including lots of measuring devices and controller is large and complex total information system. A Lot of data and system information are transmitted to operators, and analysing these information and system management is very important. Recently, GUI(Graphic Users Interface) is emphasized as a method that operators carry out their duties, effectively. In this paper. a simulator that can show state estimation and detection of bad measuring devices is introduced for domestic 154kV/22.9kV distribution substations. C language and Visual Basic is used for this simulator. and TCP/IP is adopted to consider connection with a Power system.
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The protective relay setting of transmission systems has to consider various factors such as the protrected device, relay type and system conditions and it requires the empirical knowledge of experts. In this study. The setting rules have been accumulated in Oracle DB and its inference scheme has been devised. Their applications to relay setting system are expected to refine the setting knowledge enhancing the accuracy and consistency of the relay setting.
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As the complexity of power systems increases, especially in the case of multiple faults or incorrect operation of protective devices, fault diagnosis requires new and systematic methods to the reasoning process, which improves both its accuracy and its efficiency. Therefore this paper proposes a method of the modeling of protection systems and fault diagnosis in power systems using Fuzzy Petri Nets (FPN). The proposed method can reduce processing time and increase accuracy when compared with the traditional methods. And also this method can cover online processing of real-time data from SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition).
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Multiple faults are hard to diagnose correctly because the operation of circuit breakers tripped by former fault changes the topology of power systems. The information including operating time of actuated relays and tripped circuit breakers is used for considering changes of the network topology in fault section diagnosis. This paper presents a method for fault section diagnosis using a set of matrices which represent changes of the network topology due to operation of circuit breakers. The proposed method uses fuzzy relation to cope with the unavoidable uncertainties imposed on fault section diagnosis of power systems. The inference executed by the proposed matrices provides the fault section candidates in the form of a matrix made up of the degree of membership. Experimental studies for real power systems reveal usefulness of the proposed technique to diagnose multiple faults.
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This paper develops the deterioration detecting sensor in oil to monitor and diagnose oil-filled transformer more effectively. The on-line inspection of the oil-filled transformers used the temperature, the changes of the capacitance, the
$tan{\delta}$ in oil. This sensor was designed based on the concentric cylindrical type so that it could be placed inside of the oil-filled transformer. And comparing to the existing system, it was proven to be appropriate. Establishment of the proposed sensor helps to build the confidence in monitoring of the oil-filled transformers. -
Single phase simulations were carried out in order to determine a solutive conductor to the aeolian noise which will be locally applied to 765 kV transmission lines Basic solutive conductors have already been proposed including conductors equipped with spiral rod. low noise conductor of a special shape and others. A low aeolian noise conductor, however, should have excellent corona characteristics in addition to aeolian noise reduction function. In this paper, we compared the performances of the audible noises and radio interferences of 6 candidate conductor bundles by using corona cage. We also developed two programs to need for evaluating environmental effects of each conductor bundle. Those are a program to calculate the conductor surface gradient of various special bundles and a conversion program of single phase data to the model of transmission line. The future determination on the final low aeolian noise conductor will be made through a long-term test to verify environmental impacts at the full-scale Kochang 765 kV test line.
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This paper deals with the analysis on the TRV generating circuit and the TRV waveform occurred from the short-circuit tests using only the short-circuit generator. And the results of analysis on the proposed TRV generating circuit and TRV measured are described.
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This paper presents an application of a new Adaptive Genetic Algorithms(AGA) to solve the Optimal Routing problem(ORP) for distribution system planning. In general, since the ORP is modeled as a mixed integer problem with some various mathematical constraints, it is hard to solve the problem. In this paper, we proposed a new adaptive strategy in GA to overcome the premature convergence and improve the convergence efficiency. And for these purposes, we proposed a fitness function suited for the ORP. In the proposed AGA, we used specially designed adaptive probabilities for genetic operators to consider the characteristics of distribution systems that are operated under radial configuration. The proposed algorithm has been tested in sample networks and the results are presented.
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This paper Presents a heuristic algorithm based on branch exchange method to solve ORP (Optimal Routing Problem) for distribution system planning. The ORP is a complex task which is generally formulated as a combinatorial optimization problem with various constraints. The cost function of ORP is consisted of the investment cost and the system operation cost that is generally expressed with system power loss. This paper also adopt an specialy designed selection method of maximum loss reduction loop and branch to reduce optimization time. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm was shown with 32, 69 bus example system.
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This paper describes a power flow method for distribution systems, applying the method of symmetrical component to back/forward sweep method. The proposed algorithm is effective for unbalanced radial distribution system, with process of distributed resource(PQ & PV node), AVR(Auto Voltage Regulator), shunt capacitor. This proposed method compared conventional back/forward sweep method with the using three phase unbalanced distribution systems with 34 nodes.
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This paper introduces an advanced three-phase load flow analysis algorithm in the radial distribution network. This method is an extension of the Novel method for solving radial distribution networks with the emphasis on expanding from single phase to three-phase. The proposed method involves only simple algebraic computation without any form of Jacobian matrix but has a desirable convergence characteristic. Computationally, The suggested technique is very efficient and requires less computer memory storage and maintains high execution speed. Also, the submitted process can be easily programmed and be simply extended to different types of load characteristics. A simulation results applied to the IEEE 34 bus radial distribution feeder are examined by using the MATLAB.
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This paper reveals some correlations between LDC voltage control method and the output of DGS, and also presents a method for determining the amounts of real, reactive Power of DGS for proper voltage regulation of power distribution system with LDC. Proposed method has been applied to a 22.9 kV class power distribution system, and those results show that the distribution system voltage profile is improved.
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This paper presents a efficient algorithm for loss reduction of distribution system by automatic sectionalizing switch operation in distribution systems of radial type. To apply genetic algorithm to reconfiguration of distribution system, in this paper we propose the string type and efficient reconfiguration procedure. We also discuss the more elaborate search techniques of solution space as well as the simple genetic algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed genetic algorithm have the ability to search a good solution.
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This paper presents a GA for service restoration in electric power distribution systems. The aim of the service restoration is to restore service with maximizing the amount of total load restored while minimizing the number of required switch operation when a fault or overload occurs in distribution system. This paper develops GA for service restoration problem with constrained multi-objective optimization problem. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed method for solving the problem.
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소수력 발전은 국토의 효율적 이용과 함께 녹색의 재생에너지로 정부차원에서 건설자금과 기술을 지원하고 있다. 1984년부터 한국에너지기술연구소에서 소수력입지 조사분석, 한국형 소수력발전시스템 개발연구가 활발하게 수행되었다. 소수력발전소의 중요한 과제는 경제성 있는 지점의 선정과 운영기술의 확립으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 저수지에서 취수하는 광역상수도에서 소수력발전소에 대한 설계와 운영방안을 제시하고자 한다.
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This paper describes the guideline of design and tuning of practical Micro 5KVA machine's digital AVR/PSS control parameters by using the computer models and testing on-line AVR step test of laboratory simulator under the no-load or load conditions. The suggested procedures can be also applied to the large scaled machine's AVR/PSS control parameter tuning in KEPCO system.
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전력선 통신망은 변압기 2차 측 저압 전력선을 이용하여 가전기기를 제어하는 홈 네트워크 구성과 수용가용 게이트웨이나 라우터 등을 통해 인터넷을 공유 할 수 있는 통신망이다. 최근 전력선을 이용한 Mbps급 고속 통신망이 개발되어 발표되었으며, 이와 관련한 국제 전시회나 포럼 등이 활발히 열리고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 서론에 전력선 통신망의 필요성과 개발과정을 간략히 서술하고, 본론에서는 전력선 통신망의 기본원리, 구성요소 및 프로토콜에 대하여 검토하였으며, 결론부분에서는 전력선 통신망의 개발에 있어서 기술적, 제도적 문제점과 향후전망에 대하여 기술하였다.
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This paper summarizes the feasibility study of HTS power cables in Korea, including the conceptual design of a 154 kV 1000 MVA class HTS cable system, and the relative economic evaluations between conventional and HTS cable systems in Seoul area. According to the results of the economic evaluations, the HTS cable system can reduce the construction work for 168km of underground transmission lines, saving 700 million USD of construction cost in 2010.
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월성원자력4호기가 '99.06.09일 11:53분 경 전출력 소외전원상실시험시 주발전기 병입차단기 및 기동용변압기 차단기의 트립과 동시에 예상 밖의 13.8Kv 원자로 냉각재펌프모터#3(9.000HP)이 순시과전류 보호계전기(50Y) 동작으로 트립되어 이로 인한 냉각재 저유량으로 원자로 제1정지계통이 동작되고 원자로가 비상정지 되어 동 시험이 실패되었음. 이 비정상적인 고장은 예비디젤발전기의 수동 기동 병입과 터빈 수동 정지 및 주발전기 트립후 적절한 조치로 소내전원은 정상적으로 복구되었음. 이에 대해 냉각재펌프모터#3의 순시과전류 동작 원인을 유도전동기의 전원상실 후 발생되는 잔류전압(Residual Voltage)과 공급 모선전압(Bus Voltage) 측면에서 분석하며, 모터의 회전속도, 위상각, 잔류전압크기 변화 및 신속개방 절체시 냉각재펌프모터의 돌입 기동전류를 계산하고, PSS/E 프로그램을 사용한 간략한 모의 사례로 검증하였으며 이에 대한 재발방지를 위한 대책을 제시함.
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There are several facilities in Kochang distribution test center such as artificial fault generator(AFG), new distribution automation system(NDAS), communication networks (wireless and optic), lumped constant circuit, switches for distribution automation, overhead and underground distribution line. We have been field testing on remote control, data acquisition. remote metering, feeder automation and so on for distribution automation using those equipment.
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Fault current is flowed into 154/23kV M. Tr when line-to-ground fault occurs in power system. NGR(Neutral Grounded Reactor) is set up in order to prevent M.Tr fault by limiting magnitude of fault currents. Here, disconnection of NGR causes voltage increase by L-C resonance and line-to-ground fault in an unearthed system results in voltage increase at healthy phases. So Over Voltage Ground Relay(OVGR) is used for tripping M.Tr. Also, buses at second phases of M.Trs are all connected with section circuit breakers closed for the purpose of parallel operation and load shedding. In case of speciality buses are comprised of power cable in part for GIS connection. When no-load charged cable or bus is open by a section CB, unbalanced voltage charged on the bus is induced. Also discrepant opening time for circuit breakers on different phases gives rise to unbalanced zero sequence voltage. It was observed that this zero sequence voltage detected in the 22.9kV P.T (Potential Transformer for bus) mal-operated 59GT and tripped M.Tr. The zero sequence voltage of which vanishing time is longer than relay operating time came out by EMTDC simulation. Also, it was shown that the voltage waves of actual test are similar to those of simulation. On the basis of above results, R-C circuit complement on the relay without any effect on a power system made operating time of the relay longer than vanishing time of distorted waves. Consequently, operating time of the relay was delayed and magnitude of distorted waves was decreased by increasing time constant of the relay.
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Protective Relays are vital components of power systems. The role of the protective relaying device is more important than ever. Therefore, We have investigated the operating trends of protective relay from 1991 to 1999. we anticipate that reliability in the power systems increases by improving design, manufacture, construction technology and maintenance method of the protective relay.
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In this paper, being different from traditional methods, we design digital protective relay which can be applied to power management and control systems of not only small and medium but also a large scale plants. The digital protective relay was designed with DSP CPU(TMS320C31) to protect and measure more quickly and precisely. We will present test result which it performed according to the standards of Korea Electrical Manufactures Cooperative to prove the faculties of digital protective relay. The test result on the basis of KEMC1120 and IEC60255, show that the operation time error of the digital motor protection relay is improved within
${\pm}5%$ . -
This paper presents a new digital relaying algorithm for protection of a two winding power transformer. The proposed algorithm calculates mutual flux linkages of primary and secondary windings from the currents and voltages of primary and secondary windings. The mutual flux linkage ratio of primary and secondary windings is equal to the turn ratio in case of the steady state and magnetic inrush. On the other hand, the ratio is different from the turn ratio in case of internal winding faults. The algorithm does not require B-H curve. The results of various tests are satisfactory.
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The various criteria to identify the disturbances of the power transformer has been reported in this paper. They have been derived through EMTP simulations of internal faults, inrush and overexcitation for the model of 154/22.9[kV], 40[MVA], Y-Y three-phase power transformer. We also propose the algorithm which makes bpa Functions and infers the final decision from them based on Modfied Dempster-Shafer's rule of combination.
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The protective relaying setting job which has been performed manually, takes a long time and is vulnerable to errors. The goal of this paper is to develop the user-friendly interface for integrated protection system environment and to control protection-related jobs and the database management efficiently and conveniently.
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The credibility and reliability of data is a very important issue in the protective relay setting which seriously influences the system security In this paper, DB management system which provides a convenient environment for various data handling such as data saving, retrieval, DB copy, DB update, DB editor and DB navigation using Web is explained. This paper also describes DB security adopted in the developed system.
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Manual generation of the relay setting summary could involve fatal errors which would result in the big damage to the system. This paper reports the automatic generation system of relay setting reports. Analysing the manual reports of various relays the almost unified format has been designed. The developed system utilizes the graphics and tabular format to enhance the user understanding.
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This paper presents a Multi-Agent system for setting and coordination of overcurrent protective devices in the distribution system. The simulation model shows its feasibility in which KQML is used for communication among agents. The proposed system could make it possible to keep the protection system in the optimal state all the time.
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The distance relay technique used for transmission line protection operates overreach and underreach to the self protection region because the power system becomes complex and fault conditions are different. To solve these problems, this paper describes new technique to set the reliable self protection lesion. The trip region of the quadrilateral distance relay is set by training of multi layer recurrent elman network. The proposed network is able to reach the trip zone for the fault impedance, fault initial angle and source impedance variance correctly.
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Protective relay play a crucial role in the proper operation of a power system, and the reliable transfer of electrical power. This paper deals with the design and implementation of a digital protective relay on a single chip. Implementation on the FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array) of the chip of digital protective relay. This protective relaying chip monitors the frequency and the voltage and current of the power system. And report the voltage, the current. the frequency, active power and reactive power.
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In this paper, the problem of the design of an intelligent type precompensator is discussed for the performance improvement of a power system stabilizer(PSS). An advantage of the scheme is that an existing PSS can be easily modified in our control structure simply by adding an adaptive neurofuzzy-based precompensator. The overall system has been tested on a simulation model in different operation conditions. Case studies show the proposed scheme can provide the good damping of the power system over the wide range of operating conditions and improve the dynamic performance of the system.
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This paper describes the design of SVC fuzzy logic controller (SVC-FLC) using adaptive evolutionary algorithm and we tuned the gain of input-output variables of SYC-FLC using it. We performed the nonlinear simulation on an single-machine infinite system to prove the efficiency of the proposed method. The proposed SYC-FLC showed the better performance than PD controller in terms of the settling time and damping effect, for system operation condition used in evaluating the robustness and three phase grounding default in cases of nominal loading used in tuning SVC-FLC for a single-machine infinite system.
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In this paper, a robust
$H_{\infty}$ controller, based on the Riccati equation approach, is proposed for HVDC power system with parametric uncertainties. Bounds of power system parametric uncertainties are included in Riccati equation to improve the robustness of controller. The proposed$H_{\infty}$ controller for the stabilization of HVDC power system can ensure that the overall system is asymptotically stable for all admissible uncertainties. Simulation results show that the proposed$H_{\infty}$ controller can achieve good performance in presence of uncertainties of power system. -
This paper presents a LQG/LTR method for controlling the PSS and SVC effectively. A one-machine Infinite-bus power system is used as an analysis system, where PSS is installed at the synchronous generator and SVC at the generator bus as a parallel compensation device. The simulation results show that the LQG/LTR controller of PSS and SYC improves the power system stability effectively.
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To improve the voltage profile of the load bus, it is important that the coordinated controls among the reactive power compensators at the distribution substation. However, the conventional control scheme of the Under Load Tap Changer (ULTC) is not proper for coordinate control with Static Var Compensator (SVC). This paper proposes a new control model for ULTC and a new coordinated control scheme between ULTC and SVC. The numerical simulation verifies that the proposed system could improve the voltage profile on the load bus and could decrease the number of ULTC tap operation.
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SVC(Static Var Compensator) is commonly installed with conventional mechanically switched existing reactor or capacitor banks for wide range voltage control. The frequencies of switching of external banks have a great impact on the quality of voltage, but is limited since the life time of the external banks depends severely on the number of switching. So it is a complete multi-objective nonlinear optimization problem with conflicting objectives. This paper presents a method to determine the optimal coordination of SVC and external banks using genetic algorithm based on the multi-objective criteria. Optimal dead band and delay time of external banks is sought for reliable and efficient operation
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A
$H_{\infty}$ controller is applied in order to control STATCOM and SSSC effectively under the circumstances where there exist some disturbances, modeling errors and noises. A one-machine infinite-bus power system is used as an analysis system. It is shown that the$H_{\infty}$ controllers of STATCOM and SSSC provide robust control performances to the power system with some disturbances and noises. -
This paper describes a modeling of a FACTS(Flexible AC Transmission System) device, namely, SSSC(Static Synchronous Series Compensator) model. The SSSC, a solid-state voltage source inverter coupled with a transformer, is connected in series with a transmission line. SSSC provides controllable compensating voltage, which is in quadrature with the line current, over an capacitive and an inductive range, independently of the magnitude of the line current. This SSSC model is obtained from the injection model for series connected VSC(Voltage Source Converter) by adding a constraint that the injected voltage should be in quadrature with the line current. The paper discusses the basic operating and performance characteristics of the SSSC, and power flow control in power system.
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This paper presents a method for real-time estimation of TCSC quantity in order to enhance the power system transient stability energy margin using fuzzy neural network in multi-machine system. This paper has two parts, the first part is to estimate the energy margin. To set critical energy, we use the potential energy boundary surface(PEBS) method which one of the transient energy function(TEF) method. And the second is to determine the TCSC quantify and the line to be injected. In order to make training data in this step, we use genetic algorithm. The proposed method is applied to 6-bus, 7-line, 4-machine model system to show its effectiveness.
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This paper presents the test and operation results of the domestic demonstration of the reactive power compensation device called STATCOM (STATic COMpensator). The object of the paper is to describe the reliability of the unit based on the extensive operation databases. By controlling reactive power, the technology offers utilities the opportunity for increased efficiency and their capabilities will permit transmission planners make the best use of their existing transmission resources STATCOM is a custom power device in a way and can be used in a similar way for the dynamic compensation of power transmission systems, mitigation of voltage flicker and improving the power factor. It is shown that the STATCOM has clear advantages in areas such as: mitigation of voltage flicker and improving power factor.
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This paper describes how computer simulations can be used to predict harmonic problems before they occur, and evaluate corrective alternatives prior to implementation PTW(Power Tools for Windows) is used for simulations to the real model system. Harmonic load flow studies, voltage/current distortion levels, harmonic frequency scans and filter selection method are analysed through detailed power system simulation.
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For many years, electric utility has used sustained interruption rates as a reliability index. Today, however, many electricity consumers are adversely affected by more subtle voltage disturbances such as harmonic distortion. This paper deals with observations of events that occur in the Dimmer circuits and phase control which could affect harmonics problem to the commercial power system. In order to reduce the effect of harmonics and design filters, Solid State Relay Dimmer(SCRs or TRIACs) and Noise Filter are described, and the effects of harmonics is also analyzed. IGBT Dimmer which is appropriate method to reduce harmonics and improve efficiency is introduced.
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The supplementalγ controls of the FACTS are designed for the enhancement of the small signal stability in power system. The designed supplementary controllers using residue are applied to SVC or TCSC for the improving the damping ratio of dominant eigen value in the New England and 39 bus test system as the sample system. The results show the validation of the supplementary controller for the enhancement of the eigenvalues which have the low frequency oscillations with poor damping ratio as the unstable problem in the sample system.
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UPFC(Unified Power Flow Controller) consists of two voltage sourced converter(VSC)s inserted into AC system through series and parallel coupling transformer, where two VSCs are linked by capacitor at DC-side. Since VSC acts as an AC voltage source behind a reactance, where both magnitude and phase angle of the source are controllable, UPFC can be represented by the equation related to input-output relation of two VSCs. Voltage control of DC-link capacitor provides the path of real power flow between two VSCs. While UPFC is controlled for maintaining the given reference value in steady state, it should be controlled for damping power oscillation in dynamics. For such a control objective, the control strategy based on the energy function was proposed and has been shown to be effect and robust for damping power oscillation of power system. In this paper, UPFC model based on the VSC was analysed and applied to power-flow control and stability analysis. The control strategy based on the energy function is adopted for damping power oscillation of power system. The effectiveness of proposed control strategy was verified by simulation study
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This paper presents an effect of UPFC to the power system analysis. UPFC is equivalently represented as a synchronous condenser and load, while the active and reactive power of the specific transmission line and the voltage of the bus is scheduled appropriately. This procedure is implemented by IPLAN which is an application program in PSS/E. The simulation results show that UPFC is very effective to control the transmission line over-load and bus voltage variation.
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A method to compute the reactive powers of the added buses by the decoupled UPFC model for the optimal voltage profile is presented, by which the voltage magnitudes of PQ buses can get closer to the reference value(usually one p.u.). The performance index for assessing how much the voltage magnitude is closer to the reference value is defined as the squared sum of the present voltage minus the reference voltage multiplied by the weighting number associated with the relative importance of the buses. Numerical example in a 10-unit 39-bus power system with 2 UPFC's shows that the performance index can be very much reduced by operating multi UPFC's with the reactive powers for the optimal voltage profile proposed in this paper.
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본 논문은 기계적 스위치와 반도체 스위치를 병렬로 연결한 하이브리드 스위치에 관한 것이다. 제안된 하이브리드 스위치에서 정상상태 동작은 기계적 스위치에 의해 이루어지며 반도체 스위치는 on/off 전환시에만 동작하므로, 반도체 스위치를 위한 냉각 수단이 필요없게 된다. 반도체 스위치에 대한 3가지 제어 방법을 제시하고 시뮬레이션을 통하여 비교하였다. 또한, 5개의 IGBT가 병렬로 연결되고 다시 이것이 20개 직렬 연결된 정격 11kV(RMS)/125A인 반도체 ac 스위치를 설계 제작하였으며, 기본적인 실험 결과가 제시되었다.
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A magnetic field generator for small animal study was designed and constructed. For calculation of magnetic fields inside the cage, a three-dimensional calculation program was made. Using this, optimum electric current ratio and position of each coil were determined. Meanwhile, inductance of the generator was calculated for design of power supply. The field measurement results of the manufactured generator showed that the difference between maximum and minimum magnetic field at the living floor was less than 2%.
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This paper introduces new ordering algorithms using the graph of data structure and forward/backward substitution of LU decomposition using recursive function. The performance of the algorithm is compared with Tinney's algorithm using 14 bus systems. Test results show that the new fill-in element of Jacobian matrix using the proposed ordering algorithm is same as that of Tinner scheme 3 and the forward/backward substitution can reduce the computation time
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In KwangYang steel works power system operation, the ON-LINE application of power system diagnosis technology is indispensable to not only power quality, but also stable operation and economical generation. In cases of stability constraint violation. stable power system operation is obstructed. Steel works power system is consist of 154kV transmission lines, and 345, 154, 22, and 6.6[KV] distributed lines, 5 numbers of substation, 17 units of generators. For this power system operation. loadflow program is developed. Database is tied with Windows GUI application, is designed, and is interfaced with this program. This program put up with loadflow solution of assembled MMI power system, and planed to diagnose of overloads or to imitate entrance, and isolation of equipment.
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In this paper, we propose that the security-constrined optimal power flow (SCOPF) be solved in a decentralized framework, consisting of regions, using a price-based mechanism. We first solve the distributed OPF problem to determine the maximum secure simultaneous transfer capability of each tie-line between adjacent regions by taking only the security constraints imposed on the tie-lines into account. And then, the regional SCOPF is performed using the conventional LP approach. A description on the inclusion of security constraints with distributed OPF algorithm will be given, followed by a case study for Korea power system.
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At present, there is only a few software for power system analysis. Most of programs are run in user computer, which may restrict of running program. In this paper, the software is developed using java and make server take full charge of running the program. So the client only play a role of input and output of the data, which can run the program if client has a web browser. As constructing of database, capability of processing the data and reliability are improved.
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This paper presents a technique for contingency ranting using line capacity calculation method and outage distribution factors(LODF) which are established by generation shift distribution factors from DC load flow solutions. By using the LODF, the line flow can be calculated a ccording to the modification of base load flow if the contingency occur. To obtain contingency ranting, maximum power tansferred to the load is obtained when load impedance
$Z_r$ equal to line impedance$Z_s$ . ($Z_r$ /$Z_s$ =1) The proposed algorithm has been validated in tests on a 6-bus test system. -
In a competitive electricity power market, the price of electricity changes instantly, that of conventional market is predetermined and hardly changes. In such a new environment, customers' behaviors change instantly according to the changing electricity prices. If we develop a electricity load model that well describes the behavior of electricity consumers, we can utilize that model in forecasting the amount of future load, solving the load flow problem and finding the weak point of the system. In this paper new electricity model that considers the price of electricity and power factor of the load is presented. While conventional load model, which is demand function of electricity, uses the price of real and reactive power as the independent variable of the demand function. this new load model uses price of real power and penalty factor according to the power factor for the calculation of amount of electricity demand.
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This paper is presented the method peak load forecast based on multiple regression Model. Forecasting model was composed with the temperature-humidity and the discomfort index. Also the week periodicity was excluded from weekday change coefficient of two types. Forecasting result was good with about 3[%]. And, utility of presented forecast model using statistical tests has been proved. Therefore, This results establish appropriateness and fitness of forecast models using peak power demand forecasting.
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In case of power demand forecasting the most important problem is to deal with the load of special-days, Accordingly, this paper presents a method that forecasting special-days load with regression models and neural networks. Special-days load in summer season was forecasted by the multiple regression models using weekday change ratio Neural networks models uses pattern conversion ratio, and orthogonal polynomial models was directly forecasted using past special-days load data. forecasting result obtains % forecast error of about
$1{\sim}2[%]$ . Therefore, it is possible to forecast long and short special-days load. -
This paper proposes a fuzzy linear regression algorithm based on Tanaka's theory for holiday load forecasting. The load patterns of holidays are quite different from those of ordinary weekdays. It is difficult to accurately forecast the holiday load due to the insufficiency of the load patterns compared with ordinary weekdays. The test results show that the proposed method greatly improves the forecast accuracy for holidays.
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This paper presents Kohonen neural network and wavelet transform analysis based technique for industrial peak load forecasting for the purpose of peak demand control. Firstly, one year of historical load data were sorted and clustered into several groups using Kohonen neural network and then wavelet transforms are adopted using the Biorthogonal mother wavelet in order to forecast the peak load of one hour ahead. The 5-level decomposition of the daily industrial load curve is implemented to consider the weather sensitive component of loads effectively. The wavelet coefficients associated with certain frequency and time localization is adjusted using the conventional multiple regression method and the components are reconstructed to predict the final loads through a six-scale synthesis technique.
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Load modeling, micro method, needs field test to identify the validity of methodology applied to modeling. This paper presents seasonal field test method and measurement results on serveral substations. Seasonal load characteristics were analyzed by the developed substation load model and correlation coefficients of seasonal load of substation under base, peak and average load time.
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This paper presents development of program for mid-tong term load forecasting in region and district respectively. In this program, at first, the region is classified by KEPCO branch which can be analyzed in light of curl·elation between load characteristics and economic indicator and then, prediction for load density in each region was performed by scenario of economic, population and city plan. Secondly, prediction for load density in each district is performed by methodology which is based on land use method. Finally efficiency for prediction work in each KEPCO branch could be identified by applying the developed program to the Seoul city in real.
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This paper presents database for electricity demand-side management. Demand-Side Management(DSM) refers to programs that influence the usage of energy for improved economic efficiency and reduced environmental impact DSM can be looked upon as a tool for energy utilities to find resources on the demand side instead of on the supply side, or as a more general tool for society to better use and distribute scarce resources. In this paper, we construct the database for electricity demand-side management and apply it to residential and commercial sector.
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본 논문에서는 프랜트 설계 단계에서 안정도 해석을 행함에 있어 부하모델의 차이가 안정도 해석 결과에 미치는 영향을 비교 평가하였다. 플랜트 부하의 대부분인 유도전동기 모델을 달리 적용함에 따라 안정도 해석 시 최대 허용 고장제거시간이 매우 다르게 나타난다는 것을 보여 주었다. 또한 유도전동기의 모델 표현을 달리함에 따라 고장제거 후 모선의 전압회복 특성과 전동기 속도 회복 특성이 매우 달라짐을 보여 주면서 산업플랜트 보호계전 시스템 설계를 위한 안정도 해석 시 유도전동기 모델 적용방법에 있어 유의하여 할 사항을 제시하였다.
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In this paper. we have simulated the transient stability of power system with motor loads. In study of power system stability, modelling of motors is required for the system with large concentrations of motors. Therefore the dynamics attributable to motors are usually the most significant aspects of dynamics characteristics of system loads. A synchronous motor is modelled as a dynamic load. We investigate the effect of synchronous motors of Kwang Yang network with three phase fault.
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Today's power systems operate near their stability limit and numerous incidents closely related to voltage instability phenomena have been reported. In addition. a world-wide fashion towards restructuring in electricity industry can worsen the trend of voltage instability. In this environment, finding exact voltage instability points of practical power systems is a main concern of power system engineers. This paper reports change of static voltage instability point with respect to various load model in the KEPCO system.
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This paper introduces the concepts of UML(Unified Modeling Language) and the applying this technique for implementing voltage stability analysis program. Conventional function-oriented software development methodologies are inadequate to support further maintenance and enhancement. To overcome drawbacks of these methodologies, this paper proposes applying object-oriented technology for voltage stability evaluation software development. In this paper, a modal analysis approach, a steady-state voltage stability evaluation method, is used and UML is applied to the analysis and design for software development.
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This paper addresses the issues of the external system modeling and power system state estimation with the external model. A set of significant branches is identified in the external system based on their branch outage sensitivities on the tie-lines. Measurements on these branches are transffered to internal system and updated in real-time. The state estimator is run for different loading conditions by using the actual measurements for the internal system and selected significant external system measurements while keeping the rest of the external system measurements at their base case values. Simulation results are presented using the IEEE 118 bus system as an example.
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This paper presents an experimental comparison between the conventional generation expansion planning and DSM incorporated one. As a DSM measure, diffusion of high efficient end-uses is considered and its impact will be targeted at the strategic energy conservation. A revised probabilistic production simulation is proposed by modifying the equivalent load duration curve (ELDC) with the capacity deconvolution of DSM end-use. To investigate long-term DSM impacts relative to the conventional planning, WASP model is applied and the effectiveness of DSM planning as an electricity resources is demonstrated.
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This paper propose the method combined Priority and Tabu search (TS) for short term hydro-thermal scheduling. We satisfy various conditions using TS, Restarting method is used as diversification strategy of TS to prevent a local convergence. Also, we use Lagrangian method to solve economic dispatch problems.
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In Korea, the CCGTs have been installed to about 25% of the total generating capacity. Generally CCGTs determine the System Marginal Prices(SMP) in Cost Based Generation Pool. So the scheduling of CCGTs is very important in daily generation scheduling. This paper describes the scheduling of CCGTs which considers the operating characteristics of them. We use lagrangian relaxation method which decomposes the unit committment problem into the subproblems of the individual unit. In the CCGT subproblem, we define the cost function of CCGT in two way. In Case study, the daily generation scheduling is performed using the data of Korean thermal system.
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In this paper, the effects of the uncertain hourly load demand are stochastically analyzed especially by the consideration of the average over generation of the Unit Commitment(UC) results. In order to minimize the effects of the actual load profile change, a new UC algorithm is proposed. The proposed algorithm calculates the UC results with the lower load level than the one generated by the conventional load forecast. In case of the worse load forecast, the deviation of the conventional UC solution can be overcome with the lower load level and the more hourly reserve requirements. The proposed method is tested with sample systems, which shows that the proposed method can be used as the basic guideline for selecting the potimal load forecast applying to UC problem.
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Traditionally electric power system are operated in such a way that the total fuel cost is minimized regardless of accounting for tie-lines transmission constraint and emissions produced. But tie-lines transmission and emissions constraint are very important issues in the operation and planning of electric power system. This paper presents the Two-Phase Neural Network(TPNN) to solve the Economic Load Dispatch (ELD) problem with tie-lines transmission and emissions constraint considering transmission losses. The transmission losses are obtained from the B-coefficient which approximate the system losses as s quadratic function of the real power generation. By applying the proposed algorithm to the test system, the usefulness of this algorithm is verified.
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The Paper describes the implementation of a quadratic interior point method for optimal power flow involves the determination of the optimal of a given objectives function subject to given constraints. The scheme developed solves the quadratic or linear optimization problem subject to linear constraints. The algorithm has been evaluated on a 14-bus system, and its accuracy and speed are demonstrated.
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Under an open transmission access, the generation dispatch is determined by the bidding process of market participants. Congestion occurs when the dispatch would result in the violation of operational constraints. Congestion problem is formulated and solved by OPF(optimal power flow) calculation. The objective functions in OPF are given as quadratic cost functions or piecewise linear functions of bidding functions. In this study, the optimization technique of generation dispatch is presented for the combination of two types of quadratic and linear cost functions.
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This paper presents an algorithm for Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch(ORPD) problem based on genetic algorithm. Optimal reactive power dispatch is particularized to the minimization of transmission line losses by suitable selection of generator reactive power outputs and transformer tap settings. To reduce system loss and improve voltage profile, two methods, Loss Re-Distribution Algorithm (LRDA) and Voltage Dependent Load Model (VDLM), are applied to ORPD. The proposed methods have been evaluated on the IEEE 30 bus system. Each of results have been compared with result of load flow.
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This paper describes the strategy of a daily optimal operational scheduling on cogeneration systems with each other generation mode. The cogeneration systems consists of three generators. auxiiiary devices which are three auxiliary boilers, two waste boilers and three sludge incinerators. One unit that using the back pressure turbin generates the electrical and the thermal energy. The other two units that using the extraction condensing turbine generate the energy. Auxiliary devices operate to supplement the thermal energy to the thermal load with three units. The cogeneration system has a large capacity which is able to supply enough the thermal energy to the thermal load, however the electric power generated is insufficient to satisfy the electrical load. Therefore the insufficient electric energy is supplemented by buying electrical energy from the utility. Simulation was carried out using optimization toolbox. The result reveals that the proposed modeling and strategy can be effectively applied to cogeneration systems with each other generation mode.
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This paper is to introduce the R&D project called "Improvement of Automatic Gene-ration Control Related Systems for New Energy Management system". The principal objective of this project is to demonstrate AGC operation capabilities that are suitable to new EMS environment and to show the validity of Set-Point Control Method. A number of developments and enhancements have been made to the generator's Remote Terminal Unit in which new ASTC is being developed and installed. The so-called ACC Signal Transfer Card(ASTC) will include RTU's Set-Point Control capabilities. It is expected that over next few months both RTU & DCS software modifications will be given and a relatively new Set-Point Control Method will be chosen instead of those from more conventional method, pulse control method.
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This paper presents a probabilistic method for describing the transfer capability of one area in an interconnected power system. The approach is based on Monte Carlo simulation scheme. The result of this method is the probability distribution of transfer capability. The distribution yield a general framework for probabilistic analysis of STC. IEEE RTS-24 power system is utilized to evaluate the proposed method.
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This paper presents an improved method to estimate the maximum load level for heavily loaded power systems with the load-generation variation vector by using the elliptic pattern of the P-e curve. The previous study suggested a simple technique of removing e-f coupling, where only high voltage load flow solutions to calculate transforming angle of system reference is needed. The proposed algorithm is improved to require only one load flow solution at a specific load level in addition to the operating point at the beginning stage, which reduces the computation time and the iteration number of estimation. The proposed method can be efficiently applied to heaviIy loaded systems with the combination of CPFlow when the reactive power limit and ULTC are considered. In this paper, the effect of ULTC on the estimation of maximum loadability index is also investigated. The proposed algorithm is tested on New England 39 bus system and IEEE 118 bus system.
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When faults occur in transmission lines, the classification of faults is very important. If the fault is HIF(High Impedance Fault), it cannot be detected or removed by conventional overcurrent relays (OCRs), and results in fire hazards and causes damages in electrical equipment or personal threat. The fast discrimination of fault needs to effective protection and treatment and is important problem for power system protection. This paper proposes the fault detection and discrimination algorithm for LIFs(Low Impedance Faults) and HIFs(High Impedance Faults). This algorithm uses artificial neural networks and variation of 3-phase maximum currents per period while faults. A double lines-to-ground and line-to-line faults can be detected using Neural Network. Also, the other faults can be detected using the value of variation of maximum current. Test results show that the proposed algorithms discriminate LIFs and HIFs accurately within a half cycle.
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An overview on applications of wavelet transform in power systems presented in this paper. Wavelet transform is capable of making trade-offs between time and frequency resolutions, which is a property that makes it appropriate for the analysis of non stationary signal. In recent years, wavelet transform is widely accepted as a technology offering an alternative way due to its flexibility in representation of non-stationary signal even in power systems. This paper presents various applications of wavelet transform in power systems. Wavelet transform has been used by the authors in the field of power system protection for the classification of transient signals, and forecasting of short term loads and system marginal price and so on. Various research works carried out by many researchers in power systems are summarized.
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By DC load flow approximation, we analyzed marginal cost that is the important factor of price signal for network congestion management and expressed as a function of load. In network congestion, a large scale electric network is partitioned into subnetwork to provide a effetive price signal through zonal pricing. We propose a new network partition technique using marginal cost sensitivity with a variety of load consumption.
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The current worldwide electricity market introduced competition, which is breaking up the monopoly structure and also enforcing phased structural reform in South Korea. The change of the electricity charge from cost base to price base due to the introduction of the electricity market competition causes consumer to choose a variety of charge schemes and a portion of loads to be affected by this change. Therefore, in order to find a mathematical model of the sensitively-responding-to-price loads and reflect this to the DSM demand management, the price-sensitive load model is needed. Thus, this paper first proposes the composite price-sensitive load model that is expressed as a function of price, presents the methodology to estimate price-sensitive load model at each bus by bus load compositions.
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In the new electric industry, many of generators and consumers exist in competitive market and electric price is determined by the response of suppliers and consumers. Power supply and consumption make change the electric price and social welfare depends on the elasticity that indicates sensitivity to changes of price related on the electric demand or supply. If elasticity is changed, social welfare that represents the sum of producers and customers surplus will be changed together. This paper investigates the change of the social welfare depending on the elasticity, and presents the propriety of competitive electric market.
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산업의 발달에 따라 배전계통의 자동화가 서서히 자리 매김하고 있다. 이에 따라 배전계통에서 발생하는 사고를 계통의 상태와 신뢰도를 동시에 만족시키고, 빠른 시간 내에 복구하는 문제는 매우 중요한 문제로 대두되고 있다. 배전계통 사고복구 문제는 많은 개폐기들의 조합에 의해 구성되어 있고, 계통의 구성상태 와 연계선로의 예비력 등 많은 제약조건들로 인하여 사고복구에 많은 시간이 걸린다. 본 논문에서는 유전 알고리즘과 Tabu Search (TS) 기법을 이용하여 계통의 사고 후 선로손실과 신뢰도손실을 최소로하는 배전계통 사고복구 알고리즘을 제안하고자 한다. 전역 최적해 탐색 및 여러 해의 동시 탐색이 가능한 유전알고리즘과 전역적 탐색은 약하지만 빠른 시간 내의 국부적 탐색(local search)이 우수한 TS를 서로 연계한 알고리즘의 우수성을 계통의 모의실험을 통하여 증명하였다.
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This paper discusses a scheme of the congestion management in the Korea electricity market under the deregulated environment. We investigated some cases of the congestion management in the world and the effects of the congestion management in a simple example. A basic idea of the congestion management in the Korea is presented based on the analysis of transmission congestion management in the competitive electricity market.
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The production of electricity and the pattern of consumption in competitive electricity market are changing. The price of electric power in spot market will be varied by the economic electricity availability of generation utilities and electricity consumers. DSM(demand-side management) is a method which provides simultaneously economics to utilities and consumers as main participants in electricity market. In this paper, it is argued that the effect of DSM in competitive electricity market for consumers, generation utilities, and transmission utilities.
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This paper presents an new algorithm for the economic load dispatch considering the reliability level constraints of composite power system under deregulated electricity market. It is the traditional ELD problem that generation powers have been dispatched In order to minimize total fuel cost subjected to constraints which sum of powers generated must equal the received load and no violating lower and upper limit constraints on generation. Under deregulated electricity market, however, generation powers of a pool have to be reallocated newly in order to satisfy the reliability differentiated level required at a load point because of a reliability differentiated electricity service which is a part of the priority service. In this study, new economic load dispatch algorithm for reallocating the generation powers of a pool in order to satisfy the reliability differentiated level under deregulated competitive electricity market is proposed. The uncertainties of not only generators but also transmission lines are considered fer the reliability evaluation. The characteristics and effectiveness of this methodology are illustrated by the case studies on MRBTS and IEEE-RTS.
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This paper presents a new algorithm for the allocation of the reliability level of composite power system under deregulated electricity market. Under deregulated electricity market, it is required to establish a methodology that can evaluate supply cost and supply reliability of each demand to realize the available priority service reflected a preference of each customer. In this study, a concept of reliability differentiated electricity service as priority service to keep reliability of particular customer within a desirable level is proposed on HLII under deregulated competitive electricity market. The uncertainties of not only generators but also transmission lines are considered for the reliability evaluation in this study. The characteristics and effectiveness of this methodology are illustrated by the case studies on MRBTS and IEEE-RTS.
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This paper presents a method for assessing reliability indices of transmission system. Because successful operation of electric power under the deregulated electricity market depends on transmission system reliability management, quantity evaluation of transmission system reliability is very important. The key point idea is based on that the reliability level of transmission system is equal to reliability level difference of between composite power system(HLII) and generation system(HLI). It is sure that risk indices of reliability of composite power system are larger than those of generation system. It is the reason that composite power system includes uncertainties and capacity limit of transmission lines. The characteristics and effectiveness of this methodology are illustrated by the case study using MRBTS.
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This paper presents a game theoretic approach for power transactions analysis in a competitive market. The considered competitive power market is regarded as PooICo model, and the participating players are restricted by only two generating entities for simplicity in this paper. The analysis is performed on the basis of marginal cost based relations of bidding price and bidding generations. That is, we assume that the bidding price of each player is determined by the marginal cost when the bidding generation is pre-determined. This paper models the power transaction as a two player game and analyzes by applying the Nash eauilibrium idea. The generalized game model for power transactions covering constant-sum(especially zero-sum), and nonconstant-sum game is developed in this paper. Also, the analysis for each game model are performed in the case studies. Here, we have defined the payoff of each player as the weighted sum of both player's profits.
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This paper presents a N-player game theory application for analyzing power transactions in a deregulated energy marketplace such as PoolCo, where, participants, especially, generating entities, maximize their net profits through optimal bidding strategies (i.e., bidding prices and bidding generations). In this paper, the electricity market for power transactions is modeled as a non-cooperative. N-player game with complete information, where the solution is determined in a continuous strategy domain having recourse to the Nash equilibrium idea.
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Recently, Korea's electric industry is in the midst of a period of profound changes in the structure and function, including the introduction of market competition in the generation sector. Therefore, it is difficult to promote long-term capacity planning and new generating capacity construction which have been driven by KEPCO so far, after the introduction of market competition, so new generating capacity construction and security of reserve margin is needed through self·regulation plan of private generation producers by market mechanism. According to the competition in the generation sector, a new paradigm is necessary to the long-term capacity planning driven by the Government. This paper analyzes the plan and the incentive level able to guide the new generation capacity construction considering the uncertainty risk in a period of introduction of competition. In addition, this paper analyzes the plan able to guide the new capacity construction by market function at the stage which market become established and Government's role to solve the anxiety about the capacity supply and demand.
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전력산업 구조개편이후 송전체제, 특히 송전요금체계에 관한 연구가 미흡한 가운데 자연적 독점을 유지하게 될 송전에 대한 정부의 규제가 중요성을 가지게 되었다. 본 연구에서는 여러 정부 규제방안들을 비교 검토하여 최적방안 모색을 위한 방향을 제시하고자 한다. 송전요금은 비용반영 투명성, 비(非)차별, 경쟁 등의 원칙을 지켜야 하고 이런 송전요금에는 경제적 효율성 사회 복지, 비용 최소 운영 등의 증진을 위해 한계비용이 반영되어야 한다. 하지만, 송전 네트웍은 규모의 경제에 종속되는 장기 투자로 구성된다. 이런 조건에서는 한계비용은 정의되기 어렵다. 그러므로 송전요금은 단기적 한계비용들의 신호와 장기적으로는 적절한 비용회수의 보장들과의 타협조정을 해야 한다. 네트웍 요금은 경쟁 정책의 원칙을 준수할 필요가 있으며 어떤 한 네트웍 회사도 과도한 요금을 부과한다든지 또는 사용자들을 차별한다든지 또는 약탈적(predatory) 방식으로 행동할 시에는 지배적 지위 남용에 대해 벌칙을 당하게 되어있다. 송전요금에 관한 결정은 공공서비스 의무비용, 특정 소비자그룹 우대를 위한 국가 정책들과 같은 사회적 목적들에 의해 제한을 받는다. 현존하는 대표적인 정부규제방안인 가격상한제와 투자보수율 규제방식을 검토한 결과 유도된 중요한 사실은 가격상한제 규제방식이 기업들로 하여금 위험(risk)에 좀 더 종속되게 만들지만 반면에 비용절감을 위한 강력한 인센티브를 주어 효율성 향상을 기할 수 있게 만든다는 것이다. 이러한 사실은 가격상한제 규제방식이 정부규제의 기본원칙에 더 많이 부합되며 궁극적인 경제체제의 목표인 자원의 효율적 배분에 더 가깝다는 것을 의미한다.
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Generally, the fault of transmission facilities occurs by natural and artificial causes. Also, these faults are frequently developed by the lightning, a natural phenomenon. Therefore, In this paper, we investigated the case of lightning faults for transmission lines occurred for five years in the west and south of chung-nam province, and then considered a suitable countermeasure for lighting faults in these area
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Main power transmission network in Korea is consist of 154kV, 345kV transmission lines. Also 765kV transmission lines are on construction currently. There are some differences in the insulation design concept, methods and contents on 154kV, 345kV and 765kV overhead transmission lines respectively. In this paper, we described and summarized the applied insulation design concept, methods and features on each transmission lines.
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To increase reliability and maintenance of transmission line, advanced electric companies have developed and applied new maintenance technologies and equipment. This paper introduces several technologies and equipment that are now applied to operate and maintain transmission line. Also, this paper suggests future R&D themes
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Whenever the large-capacitor and high-voltage pump motor is opened and closed, the power factor improvement condenser and the low-voltage equipment are often damaged by the sparking and the on-off power serge. In order to find the reason and resolve the problem, we have installed a transition wave recorder for obtaining the transient on-off power serge wave and a power disturbance analyzer for long-time monitoring. In this way we measured and analysed the condition of the high-voltage pump motor whenever it is opened and closed.
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The purpose of this study is to find the cause of the damage to the GCB(Gas Circuit Breaker), since the GCB of the 154kV power plant at the Hap-Cheon Dam has already been damaged twice. We researched the characteristics of this class of circuit breaker and the possible causes for this type of damage to the GCB using the FTA(Fault Tree Analysis) Method. We studied the optimal maintenance method of the GCB, the stability analysis and power serge protection of Hap-Cheon Dam, and the power serge and fault list of the power transmission line to help prevent a reoccurrence of the problem.
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This paper describes under-ground transmission cable sheath voltage by using EMTP and proposes a new design method for calculating cable sheath voltage in steady state. The cross bonding system of power cable is modeled on
${\pi}$ equivalent circuit and the sheath voltage(current) of cable can be analyzed with comparing to conventional method. -
The hydroelectric Power plant of the KOWACO have been establishing and operating a full scale electric power facility, doing the largest generation during the flood period of the summer season. When the huge capacity generator is run like the Chung-Ju's hydroelectric Power plant, the generator current per generator flows a great current estimated at 5,900 A. The bus bar of a great current flows in cubicle, owing to the bus bar current Eddy current is created around magnetic substance and a local heating phenomenon occurs due to Joule heat finally. a local heating phenomenon still exists the danger of safety accident due to contact and accompanies losses enough to healing capacity inevitably. this study applies and examines related theory and numerical formula about the heating cause of a great current & enforces technical verification about the method of heating reduction previous managed at the site.
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It is difficult to accurately measure the ground resistance because it varies widely not only with the type of soil but also with the ground parameters; the moisture, the temperature the buried depth of electrodes, and the ground augmentation material and so on. Therefore, in this paper we analyzed the relation between the parameters and the resistance of ground in order to obtain a method of maintaining ground resistance stable. In experiments, the variation coefficients of ground resistance were calculated by the monthly measured data. The ground resistance decreases as the length of the ground rod increases. The variation between the ground resistance and the moisture rate of soil was low in case of using the ground augmentation material. Without the ground augmentation material, the ground resistance decreases as the moisture rate of soil increases. The ground resistance becomes small when the earth temperature becomes low.
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This paper describes a fault location technique using wavelets in underground transmission cable system Estimation of fault location is performed using data sampled at two ends of underground system. In the case of 50% fault of total underground transmission line, fault location is calculated using sampled single-end data in underground transmission line. Traveling wave is utilized in capturing the travel time of the transients along the monitored lines between the relay and the fault point. This travel time information is provided by the wavelet. Simulation was performed using EMTP. ATP Draw and MATLAB. The results of fault location shown in this paper will be evaluated as an effective suggestion for fault to location in real underground transmission line.
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This paper describes the digital distance algorithm in case of combined transmission line connected with overhead line and underground cable. Actually as fault is occurred in cable, it results in the complicated phenomena due to the several kind of grounding method in the sheath of cable. Accordingly the impedance. Therefore the correct impedance calculation algorithm is requested in combined transmission line to avoid the wrong trip of relay. This paper presents the development result of impedance calculation algorithm In such transmission line.
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This paper describes the assessment of proper location of lightning arrester in combined transmission line which is connected with overhead line and underground cable. The modeling for simulation is established using the actual system in ATP Draw and EMTP. Simulation is carried out to find out the best point to install the arrester in given the model system. And also voltage and current is analyzed on cable covering protection unit(CCPU). The simulation result demonstrated the best location of arrester in the given transmission line through the detailed analysis and its assessment.
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This paper discribes the modeling and transient analysis of cable in combined transmission line under high impedance fault(HIF). And also, transient characterstic analyzed on cable covering protection unit(CCPU) is presented. Modeling of the combined transmission line is established in PSCAD/EMTDC V3. The required data to analyze the transient phenomena is given from the actual system. The results show the HIF modeling in cable, fault current according to the value of fault resistance. And also when the value and method of grounding resistance is changed in CCPU, simulation results are presented.
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Arcing fault on overhead lines can be detected by amplitude of the arc voltage using numerical algorithm. In the case of transient fault, the arc voltage has any high value. In the case of permanent fault, the arc voltage is near zero. Thus, fault distance estimation should be performed by digital distance relay algorithm[3]. The purpose of this study is to build a structure for modeling of arcing fault detection and fault distance estimation algorithm using Matlab programming. Additionally, this algorithm has been designed in Graphical User Interface(GHI). So, this method using GUI interface of Matlab can reduce the number of simulation steps in modeling the distance relay.
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While magpies are making their nest and are laying eggs from February to May time frame, the electrical power incidents by magpies are as high as 30% of all. This research will examine the establishment of frequency of magpies by utilizing Alarm Calls with their own voice characteristic and also try avoiding access to distribution equipments in order to prevent from constructing their nests on the distribution lines. This research results contribute to improve the reliability in the power distribution line.
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현대 전력계통 시스템의 대규모화와 복잡화로 인해 숙련된 운전기술이 필요하게 되고, 실제 전력계통 모의를 통한 미경험고장의 처리기술 습득이 필요하고, 운전설비의 첨단화(컴퓨터 시스템화)로 인해 시스템과 운용절차에 대한 지식 습득 및 유지보수 훈련이 필요하게 됨에 따라 교육용 시뮬레이션에 대한 요구가 갈수록 증가되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 교육용 시뮬레이션에서 전력계통의 시스템을 익히고 전력계통 고장에 따른 복구절차를 배우는데 필요한 모의고장 시나리오 및 복구절차 등의 데이터베이스를 구축하며, 데이터베이스를 시뮬레이터와 연동시켜 작동하도록 개발하는 것이 목적이다. 또한 사용자들에게 보다 편리한 환경을 제공하기 위하여 GUI(Graphic User Interface)로 시뮬레이터를 설계할 것이다.
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In this paper, we analyze the inductive coupling between overhead power transmission lines and neighbouring gas pipelines or other conductors, when they parallel to a line section in a phase-to-earth fault is assumed on the transmission line. A numerical procedure employing the finite-element method(FEM) is used in conjunction with Faraday's law, in order to predict the current in a faulted transmission line as well as the induced voltages across points on a pipeline running parallel to the faulted line and remote earth. The results lead to conclusion that may be useful to power system engineers.
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As increasing the accident of distribution transformers, we need to manage them efficiently. This paper proposes the method for transformer's management using multi-channel wireless data communication. The Data Acquisition System(DAS) was developed to manage transformers and the HDLC protocol applied to the system. Additionally, it will be feasible to diagnose distribution transformers by checking load conditions such as hot spot temperature, ambient temperature, load current, etc. and using adequate algorithm.
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In this paper, the high frequency models of pole-transformers are provided to confirm the feasibility of PLC systems between high and low voltage distribution systems. The impedance of transformers is measured to verify the characteristics of transformers at high frequency from 100[kHz] to 1[MHz] and the equivalent circuits of the transformers were designed based on the measured impedance. The signals transmitted from the primary and the secondary sides of the transformers were measured, respectively. The transmission loss of the transformers was obtained by the measured signals. Numerical analysis using the equivalent circuit is compared to the measured signals. The possibility of communication through pole-transformers is presented by experiments and simulations.
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This paper describes an application of discrete wavelet transform for power transformer protection. It is shown that the moving wavelet coefficients method based feature extraction for discrimination between actual internal faults and energizing state. The simulations of power transformer have been carried out using EMTP. The proposed method is more effectively and simpler to distinguish internal faults from inrush currents.
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Because of the continuous growth of energy consumption, and also the tendency to site power lines and pipelines along the same routes, the close proximity of high voltage structures and metallic pipelines has become more and more frequent. Moreover, normal steady state and fault currents become higher as electric networks increase in size and power. Therefore, there has been and still is a growing concern (safety of people marking contact with pipeline, risk of damage to the pipeline coating, the metal and equipment connected to pipeline. especially cathodic protection system) about possible hazards resulting from the influence of high voltage power system on metallic structures(gas pipeline, oil pipeline and water pipeline etc.). Therefore, we analyze the interference problems when the gas pipeline is buried with power cable in the same submarine tunnel. This paper present the results of the study about interference mechanism, AC corrosion, limitation of safety voltage and analysis of indiction voltage.
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Because of the continuous growth of energy consumption, and also the tendency to site power lines and pipelines along the same route, the close proximity of power lines and metallic pipelines has become more and more frequent. Therefore, there has been and still is a growing concern about possible hazards resulting from the influence of power lines on metallic pipelines. This paper calculates the induced voltage of the pipeline which has the same right-of-war with 154kV and 22.9kV power cables in a tunnel. And propose the best phase order to minimize the induced voltage.
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This paper presents an analysis which compares the effectiveness of different temporary safety grounding methods on working overhead distribution system. The analysis studied direct energization at fault conditions with seven scenarios. The results show that the scenario, single point safety grounding on the working pole with brackets Pairs spaced 2 km apart on both side of a work site is safest grounding method. This can be used to evaluate lineman safety on a overhead distribution systems in Korea.
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The KEPCO is developing the practical power distribution operating system. The system adopt Genetic Algorithm and will be used loss reduction, load balancing, service planning for large capacity load and various kinds of simulations in the distribution power system. This paper presents the some obstacles and solutions on practical simulation system development, and some problems that need more study.
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This paper presents the operation technology and the remote monitoring system of distribution pole transformer. Especially, this system uses CDMA wireless data communication network as media which is serviced on a national scale. It has four major components such as sensor for measuring the secondary voltage and currents of distribution transformer, CDMA wireless modem for data modulating/demodulating, communication media for sending/receiving of data, and PC server for monitoring the results of sensing or computing information. This paper also describes the configuration of each component's functions with its development process.
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This paper presents a methodology to evaluate the restoration capability of the feeder and its applications to the system planning and operation in the normal and emergency states. The proposed method is very simple and practical, so its application to the real system operation is expected to increase the system reliability.
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A DAS(Distribution Automation System) enhances the efficiency and productivity of a utility. It also provides intangible benefits such as improved public image and market adventages. This paper discusses an approach to the integration of NDIS(New Distribution Information System) and DAS that will allow benefits from both technologies to support a common database and distributed computing architecture, thereby improving the ability of many functions to justify implementation of integrated systems based on transferring' data comparisons.
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The rapid increase of electric power demand and the strong requirements for interuptiom-free made most distribution works being done by interruptiom-free work techniques. These trends lead to increase of accident by electric shock. It goes to prove that more than 80% of electric accident is due to the hot line works. Therefore, the countermeasures are very urgent. This paper suggests the improvement to prevent the work accident by interruption-free work through the examination of the present situation of interruption-free work techniques as well as analysing the problems in terms of live-line works and working procedures. These improvement will contribute to reduce the work accident in live-line work and enhance the construction quality by training and managing workers effectively.
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The KEPCO is developing the load forecasting sysetm using land use simulation method and distribution planning system. Distribution planning needs the data of presents loads, forecasted loads sub-statin, and distribution lines. Using the data, determine the sub-station and feeder lines according to the load forecasting data. This paper presents the method of formulation processfor the long term load forecasting and optimal distribution planning and optimal distribution planning. And describes the case study of long term distribution planning of Kwangju city accord to the newly applied method.
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Generally, the earth resistance of distribution lines are measured under the condition of the climbing pole. This paper proposed the design technique of a new concept type remotoe automatic measuring system without climbing electric distribution poles. The worker on the earth under pole, can measure by using the CT on the located at the top of COS operating Stick. The system is useful for safety of worker, and saving mans, times for measuring.
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Since an arrester has been generally used at the distribution line and abroad for the protection of electrical equipments against overvoltage (or abnormal surge) taking place in or from an electrical system, a fault, especially, in the distribution line is very likely to result in the destruction of insulation of other protection devices to cause an overall paralysis of a power system, a chaos. Considering the importance of arresters, its earlier replacement than its proposed life cycle causes an economical loss, and a negligence not to replace or repair it in time gives rise to a crucial accidence. The purpose of this paper is to invent an electric leakage current detector and to solve such problems by the continuous and regular inspection of an arrester.
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In other advanced countries, an ABC-type distribution was employed few decades ago. It was, however, introduced, in this country, in late 1999. In order to apply it to the sites, several things have to be improved to comply with Korean distribution condition. It is very important to investigate the prospect and the problems in applying this type of distribution at site. To effectively employ it at site ASAP, follows have to be considered: easy installation of a transformer the development of branch gear, easy connections, the preventive diagnosis technique of insulating materials for ABC applications, etc. This paper describes the problems and the advanced plans of ABC-type distribution, and in construction.
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This study developed the window based power flow analysis software for distribution system. This system was developed by using Visual C++ 6.0 in Microsoft Windows 98 environment; therefore, it utilized many advantages of window based programming for providing user-friendly interface. The backward/forward sweep algorithm is implemented in this software for power flow analysis. Especially, this software includes the newly developed classes of complex function, matrix function, and power flow calculation procedure, so it has high flexibility for enhancement and modifications.
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This paper describes the voltage induced at neutral line and the proper location of lightning arrester in combined 22.9 kV class distribution line jointed overhead line and cable each other Modeling is established in ATP Draw to perform simulation. Simulated distribution line at this paper consists of distribution line 4.2km and underground distribution line 2km. Overvoltage and induced voltage are analyzed at several point of combined line. Analysis results was compared to select the best point to install arrester. Such analysis technology will be applied to obtaining capacity and location of arrester in the similar combined distribution line.
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This paper deals with a method for determining an optimal operation strategy of dispersed generating sources considering thermal merits. The optimal operation of these sources can be determined by the principle of equal incremental fuel cost. This paper presents an optimal operation strategy using the Kuhn-Tucker's optimal conditions and also an priority method to decide the optimal location of those sources in power systems. The validity of the proposed algorithms are demonstrated using a model system.
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This paper presents a methodology for effective control of fuel cell devices connected to the electric utility distribution network. A controller is designed for a fuel cell power plant to assist the conventional generators to damp out oscillations, which is possible by utilizing the fast response characteristic of fuel cells. Computer model of the controller is proposed and its effectiveness is proved by a sample test. Fuel cell devices can be used to improve power system stability when these are connected to a distribution system.
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Network reconfiguration is an operation task, and consists in the determination of the switching operations such to reach the minimum loss conditions of the distribution network. In this paper, an effective heuristic based switch scheme for loss minimization is given for the optimization of distribution loss reduction and a solution approach is presented. The solution algorithm for loss minimization has been developed based on the two stage solution methodology. The first stage of this solution algorithm sets up a decision tree which represent the various switching operations available, the second stage applies a proposed technique called cyclic best first search. Therefore, the solution algorithm of proposed method can determine on-off switch statuses for loss reduction, with a minimum computational effort.
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The installation of small sized Embedded Generator(EG) in parallel with the utility supply was required several technical complications for protection of the system. One of the most important protection is to provide protection against islanding and out of synchronism reclosing with the utility source. This paper explains several current methods of detecting 'Loss Of Mains'(LOM). But they have not proved completely dependable, in particular when the islanded load's capacity matches that of the EG. A new loss of mains protection algorithm is presented in this paper which based on measurement of the reactive power and node voltage for detecting the islanding condition even though the EG operate in the capacity.
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This paper presents a reliability evaluation method for considering the voltage quality. The proposed evaluation methods are contained the sustained interruption, momentary interruption and voltage sag. For momentary interruption, evaluation indexes are divided the duration based index and the interruption cost index. For voltage sag, the final result of evaluation method represents the magnitude for customers' risk due to the voltage sag. The proposed method is tested using the RBTS model and a reliability data in KEPCO's system.
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This paper presents a database for extraction of area load characteristics. The database is constructed by the acquired load data, the items of transformer and customers in KEPCO. The acquired load data is acquired from sample distribution transformer that selected as a sample. Finally, we present the daily, weekly and monthly load characteristics of commercial and residential are extracted as using database.
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배전계통에서 전력전자 설비의 증가는 고조파 왜곡현상과 더불어 그로 인해 발생되는 계통 설비와 운용에 미치는 영향에 대한 관심의 증대를 가져오게 하였다. 그러므로, 최근에 고조파 연구는 전력계통의 분석과 설계에 있어 중요한 관점이 되고 있다. 고조파와 관련된 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션들은 전력계통에서 전압 왜곡현상을 나타내는 방법으로 사용되어져 왔으며, 많은 디지털 컴퓨터 프로그램들이 고조파 분석을 위해서 사용되고 있다. 주파수 스펙트럼 분석에 있어서, SuperHarm을 이용한 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션은 다른 프로그램을 사용하는 것보다 효과적인 방법이다. 본 연구에서는 SuperHarm을 이용한 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션으로 비선형 부하인 가변속 구동장치의 부하 변동에 따른 고조파 전압 분포를 살펴보고, 고조파 저감을 위해 필요한 최적의 고조파 필터를 설계하였다.
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This paper describes measurement and diagnosis methods for enclosed switchboards using antenna. In the laboratory partial discharges are generated on a needle-plate electrode configuration, the detected electromagnetic wave is analyzed by FFT. The detected electromagnetic wave in real enclosed switchboards is also analyzed by FFT, which is compared with frequency spectra of the laboratory to detect the partial discharge. The relationship between the partial discharge characteristics and the electromagnetic wave has been discussed.
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The Distribution System consist of many tie-line switches and sectionalizing switches, operated a radial type. When an outage occurs in Distribution System, outage areas are isolated by system switches, has to restored as soon as possible. At this time, system operator have to get a information about network topology for service restoration of outage areas. Therefore, the searching result of restorative topology has to fast computation time and reliable result topology for to restore a electric service to outage areas, equal to optimal switching operation problem. So, the problem can be defined as combinatorial optimization problem. The service restoration problem is so important problem which have outage area minimization, outage loss minimization. Many researcher is applying to the service restoration problem with various techniques. In this paper, advanced Dijkstra algorithm is applied to searching a restoration topology, is so efficient to searching a shortest path in graph type network. Additionally, fuzzy rules and operator are applied to overcome a fuzziness of correlation with input data. The present technique has superior results which are fast computation time and searching results than previous researches, demonstrated by example distribution model system which has 3 feeders, 26 buses. For a application capability to real distribution system, additionally demonstrated by real distribution system of KEPCO(Korea Electric Power Corporation) which has 8 feeders and 140 buses.
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This paper describes the unified reliability evaluation with partial loss of continuity for complex distribution system. To evaluate reliability considering line limitation of the system, PLOC technique is employed. And reliability indices calculation method is used. Finally, Analytic network process method is employed. As a result, calculating accurate reliability, finding weak points, and expansion scheduling of the system is possible.
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This paper presents a monitoring technique of pole transformers using AC bridge circuit. And to detect the capacitance in oil more effectively, this paper used AC bridge circuit. The sensor in oil which could be placed inside of the distribution transformer can measures the changes of capacitance in oil. And with the sensing of the upper part's capacitance, it is possible to determine the changes of the oil height. Establishment of the proposed system helps to build the confidence in monitoring of the pole transformers.
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This paper develops phase sensitive detector for diagnosis of distribution transformers. And to detect the
$tan{\delta}$ more effectively, this paper used phase sensitive detector. The sensor in oil which could be placed inside of the distribution transformer can measures the$tan{\delta}$ in oil. This could be the important factor and information, and it could be used for the basic information for a precise diagnosis. Establishment of the proposed system helps to build the confidence in monitoring of the oil-filled transformers. -
This paper suggests the system which monitors and diagnoses the distribution transformers. Moreover, this paper has established the system for the multi diagnoses by all the informations. Through the proven oil sensor, the oil temperature, capacitance and
$tan{\delta}$ could be measured throughly, and followed by these informations, detected problems of the distribution transformers, using wireless data communication, could directly reported to the main host. For this, the proposed system is divided into sensor part and controller part. To prove the usefulness of the system, the paper compared and analyzed the system with the existing one, and after studying the correlation of the both, the result proved its goodness. -
This paper presents algorithm to plan construction and expanding of substation considering contingency accidents by proposing utilization factor according to configuration of bank system. In this paper, at first, proper sphere of supply area in each district which could be standardized with respect to its supply capacity is established under assumption which was made long term load forecasting in district respectively. Secondly, goal of utilization ratio according to configuration of substation bank was set to keep reliability by remaining sound bank when it happen to one bank accidents Finally, optimal construction and expanding of substation considering economy and reliability simultaneously about substation to exceed these ratio could be anticipated.
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원자력 발전소에서 사용되어지는 케이블은 전원 및 제어신호를 안정하게 전달하는 역할을 하며, 비상상태 발생시에는 원자로를 안전하게 shut-down시키는 통로 역할을 하므로 매우 중요하다. 케이블 상태 감시시 절연 및 피복재료는 종류 및 배합내용이 다양하기 때문에 종래의 자료로부터 전선과 케이블의 열화 또는 수명을 추정하기가 극히 어려우며 방사선에 노출이 되는 케이블의 경우 노화현상의 진행이 빠르고 방사선 열화로 수명이 단축되므로 국내 실정을 감안한 독자적인 검증방법 도출, 규제기술 기반 구축 필요 및 규제의 합리화와 효율화 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 기존에 사용해온 케이블 진단 방법에는 절연 파괴 강도 측정을 통한 노화진단, 산화 방지능력 측정을 통한 노화진단, 자켓 및 절연체의 판단, 연신율에 의한 노화진단, 케이블 Indenter에 의한 노화진단, 온도 및 방사선 등의 특정상태에 대한 평가, 유사한 환경조건에 대한 주기적 검토 등이 있다. 기존의 국내외 케이블 상태 감시방법을 조사 연구하므로서 케이블 열화에 대비한 수명관리 규제 기술 및 상태감시 (Condition Monitoring : CM) 기술의 평가 기준을 결정 하고자 한다.
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The role of power line is not limited to providing electrical power. Power line fumed out to be an candidate to cope with the existing communication channels. It is need to be measured the properties of power line as communication channels, before successful communication system is possible. This paper presents the characteristics of power line noise and attenuation measurements in the frequency range of
$0{\sim}10$ MHz, and then suggests applicable communication techniques in brief. Power line channel is configured in our laboratory and the length of it is 250 meters. -
최근 인터넷에 대한 수요의 증가로 인해 데이터 트래픽이 음성 트래픽을 초과하는 단계로 이르고 있으며 또한 이동통신 가입자의 급증으로 인한 트래픽도 상당한 것으로 알려져 있다. 이렇게 폭증하는 망에 대한 요구를 수용하기 위해서는 단순히 광섬유를 추가로 설치하기 보다는 기존의 광섬유를 최대한 활용할 수 있어야 한다. 이를 위해 WDM 방식 광통신 시스템이 각광받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 우리나라의 실정에 적합한 트래픽을 모델링하기 위한 Pl(Population- Information factor) 트래픽 모델링 기법을 제시하며 이에 기초하여 도출된 트래픽 값으로 WBM을 수용하는 전력통신망 모델을 설계한다. 전력통신망 설계와 특성 분석을 위하여 Visual C로 시뮬레이션 툴을 개발하였으며, 본 결과는 향후 WDM을 수용한 전광전송망을 구축할 때 활용될 수 있다.
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To provide more noiseless upstream service on the HFC(Hybrid-Fiber Coaxial) Access Network, we should conduct upstream band analysis and have related operation skill. In this paper, we studied the upstream signal measurement to get goof transmission quality, effective operation and maintenance, also showed the method of noise analysis and that of upstream band frequency selection. Finally we tested the signal in the field and showed the analyzed result.
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대전력시험 설비 중 단락발전기는 시험에 필요한 에너지를 발생시키는 근원으로서 시험하고자 하는 피시품의 시험용량에 따라 설계되고 제작되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 LG산전 대전력시험 설비 중 단락발전기에 대한 설계 개념, 전기적 및 기계적인 특성, 또한 일반 발전기와는 다르게 특별히 설계된 주요 특징 등에 대하여 기술하며, 피시품의 단락시험 중에 발생하는 시험 시퀀스 및 이에 대한 기술적인 내용을 기술한다. 또한, 단락발전기의 시운전 및 성능 확인 시험 결과에 대한 내용을 기술하고, 시험 중 발생할 수 있는 내용에 대하여 고찰하여 본다.
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In this paper, we present the configuration of Direct Load Control System using TCP/Ethernet Module for the Load Management Europe and America has operated the DLC system by many communication system, and Taiwan, Japan has controlled the cooling load at peak hours of power system. Up to now, Many Researches for the DLC of communication method, so called, pager, power line carrier, ripple control, etc. has advanced. Now, we present new communication method for the DLC using TCP/Ethernet module which is widespread all over the world.
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For the greenhouse gas emissions' reduction of fossil fuel, the energy policy on promotion of alternative energy should be implemented. Accordingly, national policies on the development and promotion of alternative energy were made and related laws and regulations are being made and comprehensive plans should be followed. The policies and strategies for promoting the renewable energy have been insufficient in comparison with that of the developed countries. This paper suggests the optimal subsidy level for Photovoltaic and Wind Power.
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This paper address the prediction method of a soil thermal property depending on soil moisture contents and suggests the guideline to determine the soil thermal resistivity for the calculation of the cuurent carrying capacity of underground power cables in Korea.
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So many terms of electrical engineering are nationalized words and Japanese words written in Chinese characters because electrical engineering is introduced from foreign countries. Many students who are not familiar to Chinese characters are difficult to study with this terms in the first step of electrical Engineering, In this study, the systematic compilation method of electrical dictionaries is proposed, which is based on the method of the standard Korean dictionary. Through this method, more systematic Korean electrical dictionaries will be compiled.